Biologie
Biology is the scientific discipline that studies life processes or characteristics of living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, distribution and evolution. The word Biology comes from the Greek word bios meaning "life", and logy which basically means "the study of".
Biological creationism is the doctrine or belief that the various species or kinds of living beings were created and so are not the product of a naturalistic process. The creator is usually identified as God. It is, therefore, philosophically opposed to evolutionism. As the theory of evolution is found as an integral part of all secular biology fields, it is critical that creationists have a thorough understanding of biology.
Creation biology is basically the study of biological systems, while operating under the assumption that God created life on Earth. The discipline is premised on the idea that God created a finite number of discrete created kinds or baramin. While these forms of life have the ability to vary, and even undergo speciation, they cannot arise spontaneously from non-life, cannot interbreed outside of their kind, and cannot increase in genetic complexity.
Creation biology therefore differs from evolutionary biology primarily in its assertion that the cell is intelligently designed, and that other aspects of the theory of evolution regarding abiogenesis and common descent are false. Its advocates accept all demonstrable facts in physiology, cell structure, the genomic basis of life, and speciation.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Elemente der Schöpfungsbiologie
Die Grundsätze der Schöpfungsbiologie umfassen unter anderem:
Konzeptionelle Elemente
- Geschaffene Art oder Baraminologie: die Vorstellung, dass das Leben ursprünglich in einer begrenzten Anzahl verschiedener "Arten" oder "Baramine" geschaffen wurde und dass diese Arten zwar in sich die Fähigkeit zu weitreichender Variation (bis hin zur Auspaltung in neue Unterarten) haben, dass sich aber eine geschaffene Art nicht mit einer anderen geschaffenen Art kreuzen kann. Diese Vorstellung widerspricht damit dem von der Evolutionsbiologie vertretenen Konzept der gemeinsamen Abstammung und dem phylogenetischem Baum, also der Vorstellung, dass alles Leben auf der Erde auf der Ebene der Mikroevolution miteinander verwandt ist.
- Teleology: the idea that the universe in general and life in particular has been designed for a purpose. This runs contrary to the view that there is no objective purpose in the universe.
Strukturelle Elemente
- Biogenesis: the assertion that naturalistic speculations about the origin of life such as abiogenesis are false, because life was designed and created already fully formed. It is argued that no comprehensive explanation has emerged for life arising spontaneously from non-life. Since life has never been observed arising spontaneously from non-life, they argue that it is more reasonable to assert life was designed by an intelligent being. This challenges the view that life arose spontaneously from non-life.
- Irreducible complexity: the idea that some systems in life that could not have formed through gradual change, because they are composed of interdependent components where the absence of one would cause the entire system to fail, so that the entire system must have originated together. Advocates of irreducible complexity claim that it is therefore more reasonable to believe they were designed and assembled together for a purpose. This runs contrary to the views of evolutionary biologists who assert that life evolved and diversified step by step over millions of years.
- Specified complexity, that is, the claim made by William Dembski, a mathematician and senior fellow of the Discovery Institute, that genetic information is "complex specified information" (CSI), that natural processes can reduce and change CSI, but can never increase it, and that it is therefore more reasonable to infer that such information was created through the intervention of an intelligent designer rather than being the sole product of evolutionary processes.
Genetische Elemente
- Genetic drift: Genetic drift reduces diversity in populations more quickly than mutation can introduce it. This results in a net decrease in genetic diversity over time, a fact inconsistent with evolution but consistent with creation.
- Genetic recombination: growing evidence that the bulk of variation is not due to random mutation of genetic material, but recombination of genetic material which is not random, but appears instead to be managed and controlled by the genetic material itself;
Paläontologische Elemente
- Fossil record: The fossil record shows inadequate transitional forms to support belief in the common descent of all life on Earth;
- Paleobotany: Sedimentary rocks show pollen in very deep, "Precambrian" strata. This fact is inconsistent with mainstream uniformitarian geology, which holds that flowering plants had not yet evolved when the precambrian strata were being laid down. It is consistent with flood geology, however, which holds that the strata are the result of rapid catastrophe during the Great flood, and thus predicts fully developed flowering plants appearing at many places in the fossil record.
- Paläozoologie:
Related References
- Biology versus Evolution resource site by Joseph Mastropaolo and Karl Priest
- More Creationist Research Part II: Biological Research CRSQ 26(1):5 June 1989
- Biology Text Addenda Evolution supplements for popular Biology textbooks.
