Änderungen

Viele der Gesundheitspraktiken des mosaischen Textes zeigen bemerkenswerte Voraussicht. Die mosaischen Das mosaische Gesetz verschreibt solide medizinische Prävention, während die medizinischen Dokumente der ägyptischen Nachbarn eine Mischung aus vernünftigen und unwirksamen Praktiken darstelltdarstellen. <ref name=Allen>Allen, Bruce. « [http://www.christianwebsite.com/artman/publish/christian_articles_10.html 4 Reasons Why You Should Read the Bible]. » Faith-Friends, 2003.</ref><ref name=Wise>Wise, David. "[http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v26/i1/hygiene.asp The first book of public hygiene]." ''Creation'' December 2003, 26(1):52-55. Accessed September 12, 2008. Also hosted at <http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/522/></ref>

''"Die Gebote betreffen Prophylaxe und Unterdrückung von Epidemien, <ref name=Wise2>Wise, David A. "[http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v17/i1/medicine.asp Modern medicine? It's not so modern]!" ''Creation ex nihilo'', December 1994, 17(1):46-49. Accessed September 12, 2008.</ref> Vorbeugung von Geschlechtskrankheiten und Prostitution, Hautpflege, Bäder, <ref name=Garner>Garner, Carl B. "[http://www.swsbs.edu/pages/writings/Garner/disease.html WASH YOUR HANDS]!" Southwest School of Bible Study, n.d. Accessed September 12, 2008.</ref> Nahrung, Unterkunft und Kleidung, Regulierung von Arbeit, Sexualleben, Disziplin der Menschen, etc. Viele dieser Vorschriften, wie die Sabbathruhe, Beschneidung, <ref name=circ>[http://medicirc.org/ Circumcision Information Site]</ref><ref name=Morris>Morris, Brian. "[http://www.circumstitions.com/Morris.html Medical Benefits from Circumcision]," with annotations offered in rebuttal. December, 1998. Accessed September 12, 2008.</ref>, Gesetze, die die Nahrung betreffen (Verbot von Blut und Schweinefleisch), Maßnahmen bezüglich Menstruation und Wöchnerinnen, <ref name=Ben-Noun>Ben-Noun LL. "[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12475597&dopt=Abstract What is the Biblical attitude towards personal hygiene during vaginal bleeding]?" ''Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol.'' 2003 Jan 10, 106(1):99-101. Accessed September 12, 2008.</ref> Gonorröh-Kranken, Isolation von Leprakranken, CamphygieneLagerhygiene, sind, in Anbetracht des der klimatischen Konditionen, überraschend vernünftig. " <ref name=Neuberger>Neuburger, Max. ''History of Medicine''. Oxford University Press, 1910, Vol. I, p. 38.</ref>"''

Gemäß Dr. Harold Spinka und der Wycliff Bibel-Enzyklopädie, beschreibt biblische Lepra eine Vielzahl von Zuständen. Dr. Spinka schreibt, dass neben der modernen Lepra (Hansens Krankheit), die biblische Lepra verschiedene Hautkrankheiten, Syphilis und Pocken beinhalteneinschließt.<ref name=Spinka>Spinka, Harold M., MD. "[http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1959/JASA3-59Spinka.html Leprosy in Ancient Hebraic Times]." ''Journal of the American Scientific Affiliation'' (JASA), XI, March 1959, 17-22. Accessed September 12, 2008.</ref> (Experten sind sich sogar uneinig, ob biblische Lepra auch überhaupt die moderne Lepra einschließt.) <ref name=Wycliffe1>Wycliffe Bible Encyclopedia, 1986, "Diseases", page 461, Moody Bible Press, Chicago, Illinois</ref><ref name=Wycliffe2>Wycliffe Bible Encyclopedia, 1986, "Leper, leprosy", pages 461, 1026-1027, Moody Bible Press, Chicago, Illinois</ref> Die Wycliffe Bibel-Enzyklopädie und das Journal ''Perspectives in Biological Medicine '' argumentieren, dass biblische Lepra auch Schimmel enthalten könnte. Darauf wird im folgenden noch näher eingegangen. <ref name=Heller>Heller RM, Heller TW, and Sasson JM. "[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14593226&dopt=Abstract , Mold: 'tsara'at,' Leviticus, and the history of a confusion]." ''Perspect Biol Med.'' 2003 Fall; 46(4):588-91. Accessed September 12, 2008.</ref>)

Dr. Harols Spanka Harold Spinka schrieb in Bezug auf das levitische Gesetz über Lepra: ''"Die Inspektion des Buches [[Levitikus]] im [[Alten Testament]] zeigt, dass Priester sowohl für ansteckende Krankheiten, als auch das moralische und religiöse Wohlergehen der Nation verantwortlich waren. Eine differenzierte Diagnose zwischen ansteckenden und nichtansteckenden Krankheiten ist relativ modern."''<ref name=Spinka/>''

''"Die Gesetze gegen Lepra in Levitikus 13 können als das erste Model von sanitären Regulengen Regelungen betrachtet werden."''<ref name=Castiglioni>Castiglioni, Arturo, ''A History or Medicine'', 2nd ed. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1958, pages 70-71.</ref>

In seinem Buch, ''None of These Diseases', screibt ' schreibt S.I. McMillan, dass der optimale Zeitpunkt für eine Beschneidung, aus medizinischer Sicht, am 8. Tag ist.<ref name=Thompson>Thompson, Bert, PhD. "[http://www.apologeticspress.org/articles/2204 Biblical Accuracy and Circumcision on the 8th Day]." Apologetics Press, 1993. Accessed September 12, 2008.</ref> In {{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=17|verses=12}} gebot Gott Abraham männliche Babys am 8. Tag ihres Lebens zu beschneiden.

Das mosaische Gesetz führte ein revolutionelles neues Prinzip ein, um menschliche Stärke zu bewahren. Das Gesetz sieht einen Ruhetag pro Woche vor.({{Bible ref|book=Exodus|chap=20|verses=8-10}}) . Dieses Gesetz galt für alle im Land, Sklaven eingeschlossen. Der Medizinhistoriker, Karl Sudhoff, sagte:

Peter Baldwin schrieb in seinem Werk ''Contagion and the State in Europe, 1830–1930'', dass der Ruhetag, der im [[Pentateuch]] verordnet wurde, eine öffentliche Hygienemaßnahme war (Erschöpfung kann Individuen anfällig für Krankhaiten machen).<ref name=Baldwin>Baldwin, Peter M. "[http://assets.cambridge.org/052164/2884/excerpt/0521642884_excerpt.pdf Contagion and the State in Europe, 1830-1930]." Cambridge University Press, n.d. Accessed September 12, 2008.</ref> Gemäß H. Kawato, sterben in Japan ca. 10.000 Arbeiter pro Jahr an Überarbeitung. <ref name=Nishiyama>Katsuo Nishiyama and Jeffrey V. Johnson. "[http://www.workhealth.org/whatsnew/lpkarosh.html Karoshi-Death from overwork: Occupational health consequences of the Japanese production management]." Sixth Draft for International Journal of Health Services, February 4, 1997. Accessed September 12, 2008.</ref>

die Eindämmung von tötlichen Infektionskrankheiten durch waschen. Trotz seiner großen Versuche, die Mediziner dazu zu bringen, sich danach zu richten, wiederstrebte wiederstrebten diese und Dr. Semmelweis brach schließlich zusammen und beging Selbstmord.<ref name=Harder>Harder, Eugene P., pastor. "[http://www.newhope.bc.ca/98-01-11.htm The Medical Accuracy of the Bible]." New Hope Community Church, British Columbia, Canada January 11, 1998. Accessed September 12, 2008.</ref> Die alten Israeliten hingegen wuschen sich unter "laufendem Wasser", wenn sie mit Menschen , die unter Ansteckenden Krankheiten litten oder von ihnen berührten Gegenständen, zu tun hatten. In Levitikus steht zum Beispiel geschrieben: {{Bible quote|Und wenn er rein wird von seinem Fluss, so soll er sieben Tage zählen, nachdem er rein geworden ist, und dann seine Kleider waschen und sich mit frischem Wasser abwaschen, so ist er rein.|book=LeviticusLevitikus|chap=15|verses=13}}

''"Tausende starben an relativ harmlosen Kampfwunden, die sich infizierten. Es war nichts darüber bekannt, warum und wie sich Wunden infizierten...Die Anzahl der Männer, die einfach erkrankten und starben, oder die durch einen harmlosen Kratzer oder Schnitt eine Infektion erlitten und nichts gegen die folgende infektion Infektion unternehmen konnten, war entsetzlich."''<ref name=Catton>Bruce Catton, ''Reflections on the Civil War'', Berkeley, New York, 1982, p. 43.</ref>

Das mosaische Gesetzbuch hatte auch Vorsehungen bezüglich des Erhalts natürlicher Ressourcen, die für jene Zeit als fortschrittlich betrachtet werden können. Diese beinhalten Bäume, ({{Bible ref|book=Deuteronomy5.Mose|chap=20|verses=19-20}} ) und Vögel ({{Bible refBibelstelle|book=Deuteronomie5.Mose|chap=22|verses=6-7}}).

==Die Macht Studie zur tierischen Giftigkeit und Andere Studien/andere Untersuchungen==

Im Jahr 1953 führte [[David Macht|Dr. David I. Macht]], Giftigkeitstests an vielen verschiedenen Arten von Tieren und Fischen durch und schlussfolgerte, dass die Giftigkeit der levitisch [[Reine und unreine Tiere|"unreinen" Tiere]] höher war, als die der [[Reine und unreine Tiere|"reinen" Tiere]], und das dass die Korrelation mit der Beschreibung in Levitikus 100 % betrug.<ref name=Macht1>Macht, David I., MD. "[http://members.dslextreme.com/users/hollymick/Macht1953.pdf An Experimental Pharmacological Appreciation of Levitcus XI and Deuteronomy XIV]." ''Bulletin of the History of Medicine'' 27(5):444-450, September-October, 1953. Accessed September 12, 2008.</ref> Im Bezug auf die Klassifikation von reinen (kosher) und unreinen Tieren, entsprach folgte Machts Studie der Einordnung von James W. Atz, Ph.D., Direktor und Hauptbibliograph am Department der Ichthyologie des amerikanischen Museums der Nautrgeschichte Naturgeschichte New York, und Biologieprofessir Biologieprofessor an der ''Graduate School of Arts and Science'' an der Universität New York. Dr. Atz's Liste von kosheren und unreinen Tieren wurde von der Orthodoxen Vereinigung im ''Kosher Guide'' und in der ''Orthodox Union Kosher Consumer Directory'' veröffentlicht.<ref name=Atz>Atz, James W., contrib. "[http://www.kashrut.com/articles/fish/ KASHRUT.COM - Kosher and Non-kosher fish]" Scharf Associates, 2008. Accessed September 12, 2008.</ref> Dr. Macht schreibt in dem Peer-Review Journal ''Science'', dass der Toxikologietest, den er verwendet, eine zuverlässige Methode ist , um zoologische Gifte zu entdecken, und somit auch für Giftvorkommen in Fischen, Fleisch und Geflügel geeignet ist.<ref name=Macht3>Macht, D.I. , Science 1930, 71 :302</ref> (Die toxikologische Methode, die Dr. Macht benutzte, wurde auch im''Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine'' zitiert.<ref name=Macht2>Macht, D.I. and Macht, M.B. ''Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine'' 1941, 26: 597</ref> Zudem war [[David Macht|Dr. Macht]] ein Expert Experte in Kobra GiftKobragift, welches ein zoologisches Gift ist. In der kurzen Frist hat es haben die gefundenen Toxine häufig keine dramatischen Gesundheitseffekte, nicht-koshere Speisen zu essen. Die Araber, die nicht kosher essen, halten Kamelfleisch für eine Delikatesse - und offensichtlich überleben nehmen sie den Verzehrdaran keinen unmittelbaren Schaden. Auf lange Sicht jedoch ist die Frage ob kosher oder nicht kosher koshere Ernährung besser ist, nicht geklärt. Zudem hat nichtNicht-kosheres Essen hat einige Nährwert-Vorteile. So beinhalten Shrimps und Schweinefleisch zum Beispiel Protein.

In Bezug auf die zuvor genannten Verse kann argumentiert werden, dass Gebet Nahrung heiligt. Die Bibel beinhaltet auch viele Verse über Gottes Schutz. Ebenso könnte argumentiert werden, dass die Vorteile die Nachteile in allen Nahrungsmitteln übersteigen, und somit alles gut ist. So enthalten auch viele Nahrungsmittel, die in der Torah als unrein gelten, wichtige Nährstoffe. Welche Ernährung aus wissenschaftlicher Sicht optimal ist, ist oft umstritten. Dies gilt auch im Bezug auf kosheres und nicht-kosheres Essen. Aus christlich theologischer Sicht sollte die Nahrung kein Hindernis sein, Christ zu werden. Orthodoxe Christen glauben, dass Gläubige können Nahrung, die im Alten Testament als [[Reine und unreine Tiere||unrein]] galt, zu sich nehmen können. Vergleiche {{Bible ref|book=1.Timotheus|chap=4|verses=4-5}} und {{Bible ref|book=Galater|chap=2|verses=7-16}}.

Neben der bereits erwähnten Studie von David Macht, entdeckte er David Macht auch Hinweise darauf, dass die Kombination von Milch und Fleisch dazu neigte, mehr Gifte zu produzieren, als die beiden Lebensmittel einzelnd genommen.<ref name=Macht4>David I. Macht, Medical Leaves 1940; 3:174-184</ref> Zudem verglich er die herkömmliche und koshere Art, Tiere zu schlachten und beobachtete, dass die koshere Weise ebenfalls weniger toxisches Fleisch hervorbrachte.<ref name=Macht4/>

"''Schweine sind Assfresser Aasfresser und fressen so ziemlich alles. Ihr Appetit für ungenießbares Essen macht sie zu einer Brutstätte für potentiell gefährliche Infektionen. Selbst wenn Schweinefleisch lang gekocht wird, reicht dies häufig nicht aus, um viele Retrovieren und andere Parasiten zu töten, die viele der Schweine haben."''<ref name=Mercola>Mercola, Joseph, DO, ed. "[http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2008/07/12/are-there-deadly-superbugs-in-your-pork.aspx?source=nl Are There Deadly Superbugs In Your Pork]?" <http://www.mercola.com/>, July 12, 2008. Accessed September 12, 2008.</ref>

Dr. Mercola empfiehlt nicht einmal auf Weiden herangezogene Schweinezu verzehren, denn Wildschweine infizieren die Herden oft mit [[Trichinella spiralis]] oder anderen Parasiten.<ref name=Mercola/>

==Vegetarismus=====Pflanzenfressende Löwen und die Bibel==={{Nicht übersetztBible quote|Aber allen Tieren auf Erden und allen Vögeln unter dem Himmel und allem Gewürm, das auf Erden lebt, habe ich alles grüne Kraut zur Nahrung gegeben. Und es geschah so.|book=Genesis|chap=1|verses=30}}

==Indoor Air Pollution==As mentioned above, the Wycliffe Bible Encylopedia and the journal Perspectives in Biological Medicine state that Biblical leprosy can include moldDie Strong's Konkordanz übersetzt das [[hebräische]] Wort ''oklah'' als Speise/Fleisch.<ref name=HellerStrong>"[http://www.sacrednamebible.com/kjvstrongs/STRHEB4.htm#S402 Entry for 'Oklah']". Strong's Hebrew Bible Dictionary, n.d. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref>{{Bible ref|book=Isaiah|chap=11|verses=6}} und {{Bible ref|book=Isaiah|chap=65|verses=25}} sprechen von einer Zeit in der Fleisch- und Pflanzenfresser friedlich nebeneinander existieren.

In the United States, indoor air pollution became a concern to many in the 1970einem Zoo gab es einen vegetarischen Löwen. Der Löwe mit dem Namen 's'Little Tyke'', wehrte sich als Jungtier Fleisch zu fressen und nahm nur Milch, Eier und gekochtes Getreide zu sich.<ref name=CARBCatchpoole>Catchpoole, David. "[http://www.arbanswersingenesis.caorg/creation/v22/i2/lion.govasp The lion that wouldn't eat meat]." ''Creation ex nihilo'' 22(2):22-23, March 2000. Accessed September 13, 2008. Also hosted at <http:/research/indoorwww.creationontheweb.com/ab1173content/reportview/draft_report_6-30-04_final_s272>.pdf Indoor Air Pollution in California</ref><ref name=Butler>Butler, Joy. "[http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/extraordinary_animals/117659 Vegetarian Cats and Dogs]." Suite 101.com, draft report to the legislatureAugust 22, California Air Resources Board2005. Accessed September 13, June 20042008.]</ref><ref name=Mango>Mango. "[http://www.fruitnut.net/index2.htm?PAG=64LittleTyke,REF= Little Tyke, A Vegetarian Carnivore]." n.d. Accessed September 1213, 2008.</ref> Experts such as <ref name=lamb>Author unknown. "[http://www.anaflora.com/articles/ana-saints/saint-14.html The Lion Who Lay Down with the Lamb: The Environmental Protection Agency consider mold to sometimes have very negative effects on peopleTrue Story of a Vegetarian Lioness]." Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> Es wurde berichtet, dass Little Tyke friedlich mit anderen Pflanzenfressern zusammenlebte und dass "sie die Bevölkerung durch Fernsehbilder von ihrer Zuneigung zu Kücken, Kätzchen und Lämmern erstaunte."<ref name=HellerButler/>Ein besuchender Zoodirektor behauptete offensichtlich sogar, dass Little Tyke die gesundeste Löwin ihrer Art war, der er jemals begegnet ist.<ref name=CARBCatchpoole/><ref name=EPAMango/>Die Löwin Little Tyke starb im Alter von 9 Jahren an einer Virus-Lungenentzündung, die sie sich während eines dreiwöchigen Filmdrehs in Hollywood zuzog. (Die durchschnittliche Lebenserwartung eines Löwens in der Wildnis beträgt 16 Jahre. In Gefangenschaft leben sie häufig bis zu 10 Jahren länger.)<ref name=veg>Author unknown. "[http://www.epavegetarismus.govch/moldvegepet/moldresourcestyke.html#Introduction%20to%20Molds Introduction to Moldshtm Vegetarian Lioness: Little Tyke]." United States Environmental Protection Agency<http://www.vegetarismus.ch/>, September 4December 1, 20082007. Accessed September 1213, 2008.</ref><ref name=McCrady1honolulu>McCrady, EllenAuthors unknown. "[http://palimpsestwww.stanfordhonoluluzoo.eduorg/byorg/abbey/ Abbey Newsletter]lion.htm Entry for 'Lion']" List of articles concerning mold. Abbey PublicationsThe Honolulu Zoo, 2003Honolulu, HI, n.d. Accessed September 1213, 2008.</ref>

According to Ellen McCrady, the very first mention of mold and mold cleanup is Hauskatzen (''Felis domestica'') fressen normalerweise keine Bananen. Professor Wanda Wyrwicka war jedoch in the Bibleder Lage, Mutterkatzen durch elektrische Stimuli zu trainieren. Als die Kätzchen sahen, dass ihre Mütter Bananen fraßen, begannen 15 von 18 der Jungen dasselbe zu tun.<ref name=McCrady2Wyrwicka>McCradyWyrwicka, EllenWanda. "[http://palimpsestwww.stanfordncbi.edu/byorg/abbeynlm.nih.gov/anentrez/an23/an23-4/an23-402query.html Mold: The Whole Picture, Pt. 1fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8249666&dopt=Abstract Social effects on development of food preferences]." Abbey Newsletter, Volume 23, Number 4 1999''Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars)'' 1993; 53(3):485-93. Accessed September 1213, 2008.</ref>

The book of Leviticus has a declaration regarding a plague of Biblical leprosy which could be considered another example of Bible scientific foreknowledge: {{Bible quote|And the priest shall come again on the seventh day and look; and indeed if the plague has spread on the walls of the houseDer [[Kreationist]], then the priest shall command that they take away the stones in which is the plagueder unter dem Pseudonym [[John Woodmorappe]] bekannt ist, and they shall cast them into an unclean place outside the city. And he shall cause the house to be scraped insideschreibt: ''"Van der Pijl sammelte zahlreiche Fälle von katzenartigen Pflanzenfressern, all aroundwie Jaguare und Wildkatzen, and the dust that they scrape off they shall pour out in an unclean place outside the citydie Avokados fressen. Then they shall take other stones and put them in the place of those stones, and he shall take other mortar and plaster the house. Now if the plague comes back and breaks out in the house, after he has taken away the stones, after he has scraped the house, and after it is plastered, then the priest shall come and look; and indeed if the plague has spread in the house, it is an active leprosy in the house. It is unclean. And he shall break down the house"''<ref name=Woodmorappe>Woodmorappe, its stones, its timber, and all the plaster of the house, and he shall carry them outside the city to an unclean placeJohn. Moreover he who goes into the house at all while it is shut up shall be unclean until evening"[http://www. And he who lies down in the house shall wash his clothes, and he who eats in the house shall wash his clothesrae.org/catlover. But if html How Will Lions Eat Straw Like the priest comes in and examines itOx]?" Revolution Against Evolution, and indeed the plague has not spread in the house after the house was plasteredJune 5, then the priest shall pronounce the house clean1999. Accessed September 13, because the plague is healed2008.|book=Leviticus|chap=14|verses=39-48}}</ref>

==Vegetarianism=='''Wissenschaftliche Zweifel an pflanzenfressenden Katzen:'''Little Tyke ist schwer zu erklären. Normalerweise benötigen erwachsene Löwinnen im Durchschnitt 11 Pfund Fleisch pro Tag, die Männchen 15,4.<ref name=honolulu/> Ohne Fleisch hätte Little Tyke an Blindheit und sich ausdehnender Kardiomyopathie (DCM), einer degenerativen Krankheit, die den Herzmuskel erschlaffen lässt und das Pumpen von Blut erschwert, erkranken müssen, da ihr der Nährstoff Taurin fehlt.<ref name==Non-Meat-Eating Lions and the Bible===veg/>Taurin kommt, neben Fleischprodukten, unter anderem in Milch und Eiern vor. Diese sind in der Wildnis für Löwen nicht ausreichend verfügbar. Der Kreationist John Woodmorappe glaubt, dass die Tiere in Bezug auf Jesajas Prophetie sicher leicht verändert werden.<ref name=Woodmorappe/> Jesaja sagte voraus,{{Bible quote|And to every beast of the earth and to every bird of the sky and to every thing that moves on the earth which has lifeKühe und Bären werden zusammen weiden, I have given every green plant for food; and it was sodass ihre Jungen beieinander liegen, und Löwen werden Stroh fressen wie die Rinder.|book=GenesisIsaiah|chap=111|verses=30|version=NASB7}}Theologen, wie Jamieson, Fausett & Brown glauben, dass dieser Vers wahrscheinlich bedeutet, dass die Natur verändert und in einen Zustand, wie er in Eden herrschte, zurückgeführt wird.<ref name=Jamieson>Jamieson, Robert; A.R. Fausset; and David Brown. "[http://www.blueletterbible.org/Comm/jfb/Isa/Isa011.html The Book of the Prophet Isaiah]." Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible. Blue Letter Bible. 19 Feb 2000. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref>

The Strong's concordance renders the ===Menschlicher Vegetarismus===Konventionelle Ärzte betrachten Menschen normalerweise als notwendige Allesfresser. Menschen benötigen das [[HebrewVitamin B12]], welches normalerweise nur in tierischem Fleisch oder Milchprodukten vorkommt. Ohne dies leiden Menschen an einer Form von [[Anemie]] und peripherer [[Neuropathie]] word ''oklah'' as food/meat.<ref name=StrongMateljan>Authors unknown. "[http://www.sacrednamebiblewhfoods.com/kjvstrongs/STRHEB4genpage.htm#S402 php?tname=nutrient&dbid=107 Entry for 'Oklah'Vitamin B12].". StrongWorld's Hebrew Bible DictionaryHealthiest Foods, George Mateljan Foundation, n.d. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> {{Bible ref|book=Isaiah|chap=11|verses=6}} and {{Bible ref|book=Isaiah|chap=65|verses=25}} speaks of a time where carnivores would live peaceably with non-carnivores.

A vegetarian lion has been describedVitamin B12 ist der einzige Grundnährstoff, der einem strikten Vegetarier mangeln könnte. The lionPflanzen synthesieren Vitamin B12 nicht, named Little Tyke, as a young lion refused to eat meat and would eat only milk, eggs, and cooked grainobwohl sie alle anderen derzeit identifizierten Vitamine synthesieren. Little Tyke has been cited as a case of Bible scientific foreknowledge.<ref name=Catchpoole>CatchpoolePflanzen können es jedoch durch Böden aufnehmen, David. "die reich an [http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v22/i2/lion.asp The lion that wouldn't eat meat[Bakterien]]." ''Creation ex nihilo'' 22(2):22-23, March 2000. Accessed September 13, 2008. Also hosted at <http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/272>.</ref><ref name=Butler>Butler, Joy. "[http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/extraordinary_animals/117659 Vegetarian Cats and Dogs[Hefen]]." Suite 101.com, August 22, 2005. Accessed September 13, 2008.[[Pilzen]]</ref><ref name=Mango>Mango. "und [http://www.fruitnut.net/index2.htm?PAG=64LittleTyke,REF= Little Tyke, A Vegetarian Carnivore[Schimmel]]." nsind.d. Accessed September 13, 2008Dementsprechend können Menschen ausreichend Vitamin B12 durch kultivierte und gegährte Bohnen und Seegras aufnehmen.</ref><ref name=lamb>Author unknown. "[http:Mateljan//www.anaflora.com/articles/ana-saints/saint-14.html The Lion Who Lay Down with the Lamb: The True Story of a Vegetarian Lioness]." Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> Little Tyke is reported to have lived peacably with lambs and other herbivores. In addition it is reported that "she astonished the nation with appearances on television showing affection to baby chickensDie zunehmenden Fälle von Vitamin B12 Mangel könnten dementsprechend darauf zurückgeführt werden, kittensdass immer weniger biologischer Agrarbau betrieben wird, and lambsund statt dessen Chemikalien eingesetzt werden, die dazu neigen, Böden mit weniger Mikroorganismen zu hinterlassen."<ref name=Butler/> A visiting zoo curator apparantly claimed that Little Tyke was the healthiest of her species he ever come across.<ref name=Catchpoole/><ref name=Mango/>

The lioness Little Tyke did Rev. Dr. George Malkmus entwickelte einen Diätplan &mdash;Die Hallelujah Diät&mdash; die at the age of 9 due to contracting the virus pneumonia while spending three weeks nur aus Gemüse und Obst besteht und in Hollywood to film a showder mindestens 85 % dieser Nahrungsmittel roh gegessen werden. In seinem Buch beschreibt er diese Diät und die Gründe dafür: Malkmus argumentiert, according to a book written by the lion's ownersdass die menschliche Anatomie derer von Pflanzenfressern ähnlicher ist, als der von Fleisch- oder gar Allesfressern. Some guess the sudden change in climate may have been a contributing factorEr zeigt zudem, but without an autopsy the cause of the death is hard to determine. (The average lifespan of a lion in the wild is up to 16 yearsdass alle Sorten von tierischem Fleisch langsamer durch das Verdauungssystem wandern, als pflanzliches Material. In captivity, they frequently live 10 years beyond that).<Bezug auf die Bibel verweist er auf {{Bible ref name|book=veg>Author unknownGenesis|chap=1|verses=29-30}}, wo Gott den Menschen Obst und Gemüse zur Nahrung gibt. "(Erst nach der [http://www.vegetarismus.ch/vegepet/tyke.htm Vegetarian Lioness: Little Tyke[Flut]." <http://www.vegetarismus.ch/>, December ] fügte Gott Fleisch zum menschlichen Nahrungsplan hinzu ({{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=9|verses=1, 2007. Accessed September 13, 2008-3}}).</ref><ref name=honoluluMalkmus>Authors unknownMalkmus, George. "[http://www.honoluluzoo.org/lion.htm Entry for 'Lion']" The Honolulu ZooHallelujah Diet''. Shippensburg, HonoluluPA: Destiny Image Publishers, HI, n2006.d. Accessed September 13382 pages, 2008paperback.ISBN 9780768423211</ref> Advocates of Bible scientific foreknowledge point to the curator's reported comments about the robust health of the lion and the possibility that climate change induced her illness whereas detractors of Bible scientific foreknowledge point to the animal's early death.

Housecats (''Felis domestica'') will typically refuse to eat bananas. But Professor Wanda Wyrwicka was able to train mother cats to do so by electrically stimulating their hypothalamus. When the kittens saw the mother eating bananas==Die Bibel und wie Löwen ihre Beute töten== Bis vor kurzem glaubten Zooologen, 15 out of 18 of the kittens also began eat bananasdass Löwen ihre Beute dadurch töten, dass sie ihr den Nacken durchbeißen oder diesen durch einen Pfotenhieb brechen.<ref name=Wyrwickalionsbible>Wyrwicka, WandaAuthor unknown. "[http://wwwed5015.ncbitripod.nlm.nih.govcom/entrez/queryBLions87.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8249666&dopt=Abstract Social effects on development of food preferenceshtm Lions and the Bible]." ''Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars)Investigator'' 1993; 53(3):485-9387, 2002. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref>1972 beobachtete George B. Schaller jedoch selbst Löwen über 3 Jahre lang für insgesamt mehr als 2900 Stunden. Er untersuchte zudem die Beute, um herauszufinden, woran sie starb.

The [[creationist]] who authors under the pen name [[John Woodmorappe]] statesDie Bibel besagt: ''"Van der Pijl has compiled numerous cases of feline herbivory{{Bible quote|Der Löwe raubte genug für seine Jungen und würgte für seine Löwinnen. Seine Höhlen füllte er mit Raub und seine Wohnung mit dem, or plant-eating, such as jaguars and wild cats eating avocadowas er zerrissen hatte...."''<ref name|book=Nahum|chap=2|verses=Woodmorappe>Woodmorappe, John. "[http://www.rae.org/catlover.html How Will Lions Eat Straw Like the Ox]?" Revolution Against Evolution, June 5, 1999. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref>}}

'''Scientific challenge of non-meat-eating lions:'''Little Tyke appears very difficult to explain. Normally adult lionesses require an average of 11 pounds of meat per day, and adult males require 15.4 lbsDie wörtliche Übersetzung beschreibt die Tötungsmethode als "erwürgen".<ref name=honolululionsbible/> Without flesh Little Tyke should have developed blindness and dilated cardiomyopathy Schaller beobachtete:{{cquote|Sie (DCMdie Löwen)schleichen sich heran, a degenerative disease that turns heart muscles flabby and limits their ability to pump blood on account of a deficiency of taurinestürzen sich auf die Beute, schlagen eine Flanke, reißen das Tier zu Boden und töten es dann langsam durch erwürgen.(Reader's Digest, June, 1978)}}

Little known in the 1950's, research at UC Davis in 1976 proved that taurine is an essential nutrient for felines, the lack of which would cause degeneration of the retina. In addition, later research implicated inadequate taurine levels in dilated cardiomyopathy as well. According to a vegetarian website taurine is non-existent in natural non-animal sources. It is present in minute amounts in milk and eggs. Little Tyke could have gotten her taurine requirement from milk, if she drank 500 gallons per day, or from eggs, if she ate more than 4000 per dayDer Nacken der Beute wird dabei nicht gebrochen.<ref name=veglionsbible/>Heute ist dies unter Zoologen weitbekannt.

A criticism of the Little Tyke account is that lions in the wild cannot get milk or eggs readily. However, creationist John Woodmorappe believes that animals will be changed although not necessarily dramatically.<ref name=Woodmorappe/> Isaiah prophesied,{{Bible quote|The nursing child shall play by the cobra’s hole, And the weaned child shall put his hand in the viper’s den.|book=Isaiah|chapAmeisen und die Bibel =11|verses=8|version=NKJV}} The Bible scholars JamiesonDie Bibel behauptet, Fausett & Brown thought this verse likely meant that nature would be changed and restored to a state of Edendass "die Ameise" Nahrung während der Ernte für zukünftigen Konsum sammelt und aufbewahrt. Im 19. Jahrhundert bestanden Naturalisten darauf, dass dies falsch sei.<ref name=JamiesonWilliams>JamiesonWilliams, Robert; AJohn H.R. Fausset; and David Brown, ''et al''. "[http://www.blueletterbibleadam.orgcom.au/Commbstett/jfb/Isa/Isa011BWilliamsvsAnon71to73.html The Book of the Prophet Isaiah]htm Williams vs.Anon: 71-73]" Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible(a series of debates). Blue Letter Bible. 19 Feb ''Investigator'' issues 71-73, 2000. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> Tatsächlich handelt es sich bei den in der Bibel erwähnten Ameisen um ''Ernteameisen''. Diese kommen häufig im Mittleren Osten vor, waren aber in Euriopa zur Zeit der Renaissance unbekannt. Viele sorgfältig durchgeführte Studien über Ameisen in der ganzen Welt beschreiben viele Arten von ''Ernteameisen'' und bestätigen so die Bibel.<ref name=Williams/>

===Vegetarianism in humans=Der Ursprung der Sprachen==Conventional physicians normally regard humans as obligate omnivoresViele Linguisten argumentieren, dass viele verschiedene Sprachfamilien auf eine kleine Gruppe verschiedener Proto-Sprachen zurückgeführt werden können. Humans require a substance (Dies passt zur Geschichte vom [[Vitamin B12Turmbau zu Babel]]) that is usually available only , in der Gott die Sprachen verwirrte.<ref name=Walton>Walton, John H. "[http://www.christiananswers.net/q-abr/confusionoflanguages.html Is there any reference to the confusion of languages at Babel in early Mesopotamian literature]?" ''Bulletin for Biblical Research'' 5[animal1995]: 155-75. Reprinted at <http://www.christiananswers.net/> Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref><ref name=Wieland1>Wieland, Carl. "[http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v22/i1/towering_change.asp Towering change] flesh or dairy sources. Without it" ''Creation'' 22(1):22-6, humans suffer from a form of December 1999. Accessed September 13, 2008. Also hosted at <http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/292/>.</ref><ref name=Walton2>Walton, John H. "[[anemiahttp://www.christiananswers.net/q-abr/abr-a021.html Is there archaeological evidence of the Tower of Babel]?" ''Bulletin for Biblical Research'' 5[1995] and a form : 155-75. Reprinted at <http://www.christiananswers.net/> Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref><ref name=Jackson>Jackson, Wayne. "[http://www.christiancourier.com/archives/babel.htm The Tower of peripheral Babel – Legend or History]?" ''Christian Courier'', December 17, 1999. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> Zudem stellt die Herkunft der Sprache ein Problem für die [[nerveMakroevolution|neuropathymakroevolutionistische]]Position dar.<ref name=MateljanMay>Authors unknownMay, Kevin. "[http://www.whfoodsanswersingenesis.comorg/genpagecreation/v23/i2/talking.php?tname=nutrient&dbid=107 Entry for Vitamin B12asp Talking point]." World's Healthiest Foods'Creation ex nihilo'' 23(2):42-45, George Mateljan FoundationMarch 2001. Accessed September 13, n2008.dAlso hosted at <http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/406/></ref> Die Entwicklung verschiedener Sprachen ist mit biologischer Evolution nicht in Einklang zu bringen.<ref name=Steel>Steel, Allan K. "[http://www.answersingenesis.org/tj/v14/i2/languages.asp The development of languages is nothing like biological evolution]." ''TJ'' 14(2):31-40, August 2000. Accessed September 13, 2008.Also hosted at <http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/1638/></ref>

Vitamin B12 is the only essential nutrient that a strict vegetarian might be deficient in. ==Asteroide==Der [[PlantApostel Johannes]]s do not synthesize Vitamin B12prophezeite im Buch der Offenbahrung: {{Bible quote| Und der zweite Engel blies seine Posaune; und es stürzte etwas wie ein großer Berg mit Feuer brennend ins Meer, though they synthesize all other currently identified [[vitamin]]s. But plants can obtain it from soils rich in [[bacteria]]und der dritte Teil des Meeres wurde zu Blut, [[yeast]]sund der dritte Teil der lebendigen Geschöpfe im Meer starb, [[fungi]], and [[mold]]sund der dritte Teil der Schiffe wurde vernichtet. Thus a human can obtain adequate amounts of Vitamin B12 from cultured and fermented beans and from seaweed.<ref name|book=Offenbahrung|chap=Mateljan/> The increased prevalence of Vitamin B12 deficiency [[disease]] today might therefore be due to the abandonment of traditional [[organic farming]] practices in favor of chemical agriculture, which tends to make the soil much poorer in the micro8|verses=8-organisms that produce Vitamin B12.9}}

The Rev. Dr. George Malkmus has devised a dietary regimen&mdash;The Hallelujah Diet&mdash;that prescribes vegetables and fruits onlyDie Idee, and that its practitioners eat at least 85 percent of these foods raw. In his book describing his regimen and the reasons for itdass riesengroße Gesteine aus dem All gelegentlich die Erde treffen könnten und das Leben darauf wesentlich beeinflussen könnten, Malkmus maintains that human anatomy has more war bis in common with herbivores than with carnivores or even with omnivoresdie 1980iger Jahre weithin nicht akzeptiert. He further shows that animal flesh of any type will move through the digestive system far more slowly than will fruit or vegetable matter. His Biblical authority for a strict-vegetarian regimen is {{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=1|verses=29-30}}, in which God gave man fruits and vegetables for food. (God did not add meat to the human diet until after the [[global flood]]; see {{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=9|verses=1-3}}.)<ref name=MalkmusOard>MalkmusOard, GeorgeMichael J. "[http://www.answersingenesis.org/tj/v11/i2/dinosaur.asp The extinction of the dinosaurs]." ''The Hallelujah DietTJ''. Shippensburg, PA11(2): Destiny Image Publishers137-154, 2006August 1997. 382 pagesAccessed September 13, paperback2008. ISBN 9780768423211</ref>[[Katastrophismus]], eingeschlossen der Einschlag von [[Asteroid]]en, war unmodern und galt als unwissenschaftlich. Dies wiedersprach dem [[Uniformitarianismus]], der durch Sir [[Charles Lyell]] in seinem Werk [[Die Prinzipien der Geologie]] (1830-33), bekannt wurde.

==How Lions Kill Their Prey and the Bible== Until recentlyDie NASA hat mittlerweile jedoch ihr ''Programm zu erdnahen Objekten'' (Near Earth Object Program) und es wird angenommen, zoologists believed that lions killed their prey by biting through the neck or by breaking the neck with a blowdas Objekte, or cuffwie jenes, of the pawdass 1908 in Sibirien einschlug, katastrophale Folgen haben können.<ref name=lionsbibleHartmann>Author unknownHartmann, William K. "[http://ed5015www.tripodpsi.comedu/BLions87projects/siberia/siberia.htm Lions and the Biblehtml 1908 Siberia Explosion]." ''Investigator'' 87Planetary Science Institute, 2002n.d. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> But in 1972, George B. Schaller observed lions for himself, for 2,900 man-hours over three years. He also examined their prey to determine the cause of death.

The Bible declaresDie MacArthur Studienbibel berichtet in Bezug auf den obigen Vers:{{Bible quote|The lion is tearing parts [for] his whelps''"Es handelt sich wahrscheinlich um einen riesigen Meteor oder Asteroid... Sein Einschlag wird eine riesige Flutwelle verursachen, And is strangling for his lionessesdie ein drittel der Schiffe zerstören wird.Das Meer wurde zu Blut.Dies könnte auf ein Ereignis namens 'Roter Flut' hindeuten, bei dem Millionen von toten Mikroorganismen das Wasser verseuchen.|book"''<ref name=Nahum|chap=2|verses=12|version =YLT}}MacArthur>John MacArthur, MacArthur Study Bible, Word Publishing, 1997, page 2003</ref>

The literal translation describes the method of killing as Der Kontext ist sehr wichtig für die Bibel [[Exegese]]. Interessant ist dabei, dass direkt vor dem "strangledgroßen Berg mit Feuer brennend". <in {{Bible ref name|book=Offenbahrung|chap=8|verses=8-9}}, ein Vers steht, der beschreibt: "und es kam Hagel und Feuer, mit Blut vermengt, und fiel auf die Erde ({{Bible ref|book=Offenbahrung|chap=8|verses=7}}). Im Vers danach heißt es: {{Bible quote|Und der dritte Engel blies seine Posaune; und es fiel ein großer Stern vom Himmel, der brannte wie eine Fackel und fiel auf den dritten Teil der Wasserströme und auf die Wasserquellen.|book=Offenbahrung|chap=8|verses=lionsbible/>10}}

Schaller observed:{{cquote|They [lions] creep upKurzum, rush the preysowohl vorhergehende, hook a flank to bring it downals auch nachfolgende Verse sprechen von Dingen, then slowly kill by strangulationdie vom Himmel fallen. (Reader's Digest, June, 1978)}}

The necks of the prey were ''not'' broken.<ref name=lionsbible/>= Die Erde ist eine Kugel ==Der Prophet [[Jesaja]] deutet an, dass die Erde eine Kugel und nicht flach ist, wie viele Menschen vor langer Zeit glaubten. Today most zoologists understand that lions kill by strangling their prey. This was not always known&mdash;but the {{Bible clearly states itquote|Er thront über dem Kreis der Erde, und die darauf wohnen, sind wie Heuschrecken.<ref name..|book=Jesaja|chap=40|verses=lionsbible/>22}}

== Ants and the Bible ==The Bible suggests that “the ant” stores food during harvest for future consumption. Nineteenth-century naturalists insisted that this was wrong.<ref name=Williams>WilliamsDas Wort, John H.dass hier als "Kreis" übersetzt wird, heißt im Hebräischen ''et al'chuwg'. '' und wird auch als "Rundweg" oder "Kompass" übersetzt, je nach Kontext. Das heißt, es beschreibt etwas kugelförmiges, rundes, oder gebogenes, nicht etwas flaches oder quadratisches. Das Buch Jesaja wurde geschrieben, lang bevor [[Aristoteles]] überhaupt daran dachte, dass die Erde kugelförmig sei. Auch dies wurde als weiteres Beispiel für wissenschaftliches Vorwissen der Bibel genommen.<ref name=clarify>[http://www.adamclarifyingchristianity.com.au/bstett/BWilliamsvsAnon71to73science.htm Williams vs. Anon: 71-73shtml Science and the Bible]" (a series of debates). ''Investigator'' issues 71-73, 2000by Clarifying Christianity. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> In fact ==Ozeangebirge==Jona berichtete das Folgende, the ants mentioned in the als er im Bauch eines Wales (im Hebräischen ein großer Fisch), war:{{Bible are harvesting antsquote|Wasser umgaben mich und gingen mir ans Leben, die Tiefe umringte mich, Schilf bedeckte mein Haupt. These ants are common in the Middle East but were not known in Europe at the time of the Renaissance. Recent careful study of ants in various regions of the world reveals many species of harvesting antsIch sank hinunter zu der Berge Gründen, thus vindicating the Bibleder Erde Riegel schlossen sich hinter mir ewiglich.<ref nameAber du hast mein Leben aus dem Verderben geführt, HERR, mein Gott!|book=Williams/>Jona|chap=2|verses=5-6}}

==The Origin of Languages==Several noted linguists argue that the many different language families can be traced back to a tiny group of distinct proto-languages. This is consistent with God's confusion of languages at the Tower of Babel.<ref name=Walton>WaltonDie Strong Konkordanz gibt folgenden Kommentar zu dem Wort, John H. "[http://www.christiananswers.net/q-abr/confusionoflanguages.html Is there any reference to the confusion of languages at Babel in early Mesopotamian literature]?" welches als 'Gründe'Bulletin for Biblical Research'' 5[1995]: 155-75. Reprinted at <http://www.christiananswers.net/> Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref><ref name=Wieland1>Wieland, Carl. "[http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v22/i1/towering_change.asp Towering change]." ''Creation'' 22(1):22-6, December 1999. Accessed September 13, 2008. Also hosted at <http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/292/>.</ref><ref name=Walton2>Walton, John H. "[http://www.christiananswers.net/q-abr/abr-a021.html Is there archaeological evidence of the Tower of Babel]?" ''Bulletin for Biblical Research'' 5[1995]: 155-75. Reprinted at <http://www.christiananswers.net/> Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref><ref name=Jackson>Jackson, Wayne. "[http://www.christiancourier.com/archives/babel.htm The Tower of Babel – Legend or History]?" ''Christian Courier'', December 17, 1999. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> Also, the origin of language is a problem for the [[macroevolution]] position,<ref name=May>May, Kevin. "[http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v23/i2/talking.asp Talking point]." ''Creation ex nihilo'' 23(2):42-45, March 2001. Accessed September 13, 2008. Also hosted at <http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/406/></ref> and the development of different languages is nothing like biological evolution.<ref name=Steel>Steel, Allan K. "[http://www.answersingenesis.org/tj/v14/i2/languages.asp The development of languages is nothing like biological evolution]." ''TJ'' 14(2):31-40, August 2000. Accessed September 13, 2008. Also hosted at <httpübersetzt wurde://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/1638/></ref>

==Asteroids==The Apostle John in the book of Revelation prophesiedqetseb (keh'-tseb) von 'qatsab' (7094); Form (als ob ausgeschnitten); Grund:--Boden,{{Größe.<ref name=qetseb>"[http://www.sacrednamebible.com/kjvstrongs/STRHEB70.htm#S7095 Entry for 'Qetseb']." Strong's Hebrew Bible quote|And the second angel soundedDictionary, and as it were a great mountain burning with fire was cast into the sea: and the third part of the sea became blood; And the third part of the creatures which were in the sean.d. Accessed September 13, and had life, died; and the third part of the ships were destroyed2008.|book=Revelation|chap=8|verses=8-9|version=KJV}}</ref>

The idea that enormously large rocks from space occasionally hit Earth and could greatly influence its life was not widely accepted until the 1980sDer Geologist Harold L.<ref name=Oard>Oard, Michael J. "[httpLevin schrieb://www.answersingenesis.org/tj/v11/i2/dinosaur.asp The extinction of the dinosaurs]." ''TJ'' 11(2):137-154, August 1997. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> [[Catastrophism]], including impacts of [[asteroid]]s, was unfashionable and considered unscientific. It contradicted [[uniformitarianism]] which was made popular by Sir [[Charles Lyell]] in Principles of Geology (1830-33).  NASA, however, now has its Near Earth Object Program and it is believed that objects such as the one that hit Siberia in 1908 can have catastrophic effects.<ref name=Hartmann>Hartmann, William K. "[http://www.psi.edu/projects/siberia/siberia.html 1908 Siberia Explosion]." Planetary Science Institute, n.d. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> The MacArthur Study Bible states regarding the above verse, ''"Probably a huge meteor or asteroid... Its impact will create a tidal wave, destroying a third of the world's ships. Sea became blood. May refer to an event called red tides, caused by millions of dead micro-organisms poisoning the water - in this case the result of a meteor's collision or it may be actual blood, a clear act of eschatological judgement."''<ref name=MacArthur>John MacArthur, MacArthur Study Bible, Word Publishing, 1997, page 2003</ref> Since context is important in Bible [[exegesis]] it is notable that directly preceding the "great mountain burning with fire was cast into the sea" incident of {{Bible refcquote|book=Revelation|chap=8|verses=8-9}} is a verse describing how "hail and fire mingled with bloodWissenschaftler des 18.Jahrhunderts hatten wenig Wissen über die Topographie des Ozeangrundes..were cast upon the earth" ({{Bible ref|book=Revelation|chap=8|verses=7}}). Subsequent to the "great mountain burning with fire incidentSie lebten zu einer Zeit," {{Bible quote|the third angel soundedals Tiefenmessungen gemacht wurden, and there fell a great star from heaven, burning as it were a lamp, and it fell upon the third part of the rivers, and upon the fountains of watersindem man ein Gewicht an einem Ende eines Seiles befestigte und es zu Wasser lies...|book=Revelation|chap=8|verses=10}} In shortDies war nicht nur Zeitaufwendig, both the preceding and subsequent verses speak of things falling from high in the sky. == The Earth is Spherical ==[[Isaiah]] suggests that the earth is spherical and not flat as many people believed long ago.{{Bible quote|It is He who sits above the circle of the earth...|book=Isaiah|chap=40|verses=22|version=KJV}} The word translated “circle” here is the Hebrew word '''chuwg''' which is also translated “circuitsondern im offenen Meer war es nahezu unmöglich,” or “compass” (depending on the context)Messfehler durch Abdriften des Gewichtes bzw. That is, it indicates something spherical, rounded, or arched—not something that is flat or squaredes Schiffes zu vermeiden. The book of Isaiah was written long before [[Aristotle]] even thought of the earth being spherical. This has been cited as a further example of Bible scientific foreknowledge.<ref name=clarify>[http://www.clarifyingchristianity.com/science.shtml Science and the Bible] by Clarifying Christianity. Accessed September 13Als Konsequenz daraus wurden, 2008.</ref> ==Ocean Mountains==Jonah stated the following while außer in the belly of a whale (great fish in the Hebrew):{{Bible quote|The waters compassed me aboutBuchten und küstennahen Gebieten, [even] to the soul: the depth closed me round about, the weeds were wrapped about my headnur wenige Messungen gemacht. I went down to the bottoms of the mountains; the earth with her bars [was] about me for ever: yet hast thou brought up my life from corruptionOzeanographen interpretierten die wenigen verfügbaren Messungen so, O LORD my Goddass Meeresböden monotone flache Ebenen sind.|book=Jonah|chap=2|verses=5-6|version=KJV}} Strong's concordance gives the following commentary on the word that is translated bottoms above: qetseb (keh'-tseb) from 'qatsab' (7094); shape (as if cut out); base (as if there cut off):--bottomMit der Entwicklung von kontinuierlichen topographischen Profilen mittels Echolot konnte gezeigt werden, size.<ref name=qetseb>"[http://www.sacrednamebible.com/kjvstrongs/STRHEB70.htm#S7095 Entry for 'Qetseb']." Strong's Hebrew Bible Dictionarydass Meeresböden genauso irregulär sind, nwie die Oberfläche der Kontinente.d. Accessed September 13Unter den Wellen liegen Canyons, 2008.</ref> Geologist Harold L. Levin wrote:{{cquote|Eighteenth-century scientists had little knowledge of the topography of the ocean floors. They lived at a time when depth measurements were made by letting down a lead weight on the end of a rope. Not only was this method time consuming, but in the open ocean it was virtually impossible to prevent error from lateral drifting of the weight, or the ship, or both. As a result of these problems, only a limited number of soundings were made except in bays and offshore areas where such information was vital for safe navigation. Oceanographers interpreted the few measurements available as indicating that the ocean floors were monotonous flat plains. With the advent of continuous topographic profiles from echo-sounding devices, it was shown that the ocean floors are as irregular as the surface of the continents. Beneath the waves lay canyons deeper than the die tiefer sind als der Grand Canyon, and mountain systems more magnificent than the Rockiesund Gebirge, die eindrucksvoller sind als die Rocky Mountains.<ref name=Levin>Levin, B. L. ''Contemporary Physical Geography''. CBS College Publishing, 1981, p. 320</ref>}} A criticism of this example of Bible Scientific foreknowledge is that some Bible translations (NASB and RSV) translate this verse "roots of the mountains". Roots sometimes go far from the original trees although it could be said that the "roots" of these ocean mountains were close to the source. ==The Universe Has a Beginning==Aristotle (ca. 384 BC – 322 BC) thought the universe was eternal. In the 20th century, Fred Hoyle had a eternal universe model. There are multiple lines of evidence pointing to the conclusion that the universe had a beginning and that the age of the universe is young.<ref name=Hergenrather>Hergenrather, John and Andy, eds. "[http://godevidences.net/space/lawsofscience.php Can Laws of Science Explain the Origin of the Universe]?" Evidences for God from Space, n.d. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref><ref><http://www.apologeticspress.org/articles/2329></ref><ref name=young>Staff. "[http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/faq/young.asp Get answers: 'Young' age of the universe]." Answers in Genesis, n.d. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> (See also: [[Cosmic chronology]].) One of these lines, and the strongest one at that, is the deduction from the second law of thermodynamics. Based upon this law, the universe needs to be quite young. If the universe had always existed, it would already be dead and cold according to the implications of this law. ==Origin of Life==In a modern context, the Bible shows scientific foreknowledge regarding the origin of life, which it states was a miracle. [[Abiogenesis]], the hypothesis that life occured naturally, is completely foundering. Lee Strobel, in his book ''A Case for Faith'', quotes William Bradley as stating:{{cquote|The optimism of the 1950's is gone. The mood at the 1999 International Conference on Origin of Life was described as grim&mdash;full of frustration, pessimism and desperation.}} Nobel prize winning Francis Crick (co-discoverer of DNA), in his 1981 book ''Life Itself'', insists that the probability of life's chance origin simply defies calculation. Crick, an atheist, says:{{cquote|What is so frustrating for our present purpose is that it seems almost impossible to give any numerical value to the probability of what seems a rather unlikely sequence of events... An honest man, armed with all the knowledge available to us now, could only state that in some sense, the origin of life appears at the moment to be almost a miracle.}} Stephen B. Meyer in his essay, ''DNA BY Design: An Inference To the Best Explanation for the Origin of Biological Information'', shows why the naturalistic explanations for the origin of life are entirely bankrupt.<ref name=Meyer>Meyer, Stephen C. "[http://www.macrodevelopment.org/library/meyer.html DNA BY Design: An Inference To the Best Explanation for the Origin of Biological Information]." The Theory of Macrodevelopment, n.d. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> There are simply too many obstacles to overcome for the abiogenesis hypothesis, and the information contained in biological organisms speaks of a intelligent designer.<ref name=origin>"[http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/faq/origin.asp Get Answers: Origin of Life]." Answers in Genesis, n.d. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref><ref name=Bergman>Ashton, John F. "[http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/Area/isd/bergman.asp Jerry R. Bergman, biology]." Science and origins testimony, Answers in Genesis, n.d. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> ==Young Earth Creationism==In the current science community environment, which embraces the evolutionary position, [[young earth creationism]] could be seen as Bible scientific foreknowledge. Young earth creationist scientists have a number of compelling arguments for young earth creationism,<ref name=qa>"[http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/qa.asp Get Answers]." Answers in Genesis, n.d. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref><ref name=trueorigin>[http://www.trueorigin.org/ The True.Origin Archive]." Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref><ref name=Brown>Brown, Walt. ''[http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/ In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for the Creation and the Flood].'' Center for Scientific Creation, 2008. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> as well as having a number of compelling arguments against the evolutionary view. One needs to go no further than the [http://www.dissentfromdarwin.org/ ''Dissent From Darwin''] list of over 600 Ph.D scientists stating skepticism over "random mutations and selection" being responsible for the biological changes required for [[evolution]]. In the field of [[astronomy]], one can find many examples from scientific literature indicating that the current naturalistic explanations for the planets, solar systems, stars, and universe have failed. (See: [[Astronomy quotes]]). The [[big bang]] theory has several massive errors in it. One involves antimatter and the need for more of it in our universe. Defenders of this model are not addressing it and are offering yet more speculation. The award-winning essay, [http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2006/contest-winner/lamicela.pdf ''Antimatter and the Big Bang''], from Answers in Genesis, discusses this flaw in greater detail. In the field of [[geology]], [[catastrophism]], which young earth creationists have always affirmed, is now recognized as being a normal part of earth's history and is supported by leading scientists in the field such as [http://www.globalflood.org/ Dr. John Baumgardner].<ref name=RothA>Roth, Ariel A. "[http://www.grisda.org/georpts/gr11.htm Catastrophism: Is It Scientific]?" ''Geoscience Reports'' Spring 1990 No. 11. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> In [[anthropology]], the evolutionary position offers a poor quality of evidence; reasonable science measures the antiquity of man on a young earth time scale.<ref name=anthro>"[http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/faq/Anthropology.asp Get Answers: Anthropology]." Answers in Genesis, n.d. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref><ref name=Bass2>Bass, Alden. "[http://www.apologeticspress.com/articles/2313 'Reasonable Science' and the Antiquity of Man]." Apologetics Press. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> In addition, the fossil record speaks loudly for creationism with stasis and sudden appearances and disappearances of organisms. In fact some invertebrates were more complex and if anything have shown to be devolving from older forms of the same organism.<ref name=fossils>"[http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/faq/fossils.asp Get Answers: Fossils]." Answers in Genesis, n.d. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> Even the evolutionist Mark Ridley stated in the science journal ''New Scientist'':{{cquote|In any case, no real evolutionist, whether gradualist or punctuationist, uses the fossil record as evidence in favour of the theory of evolution as opposed to special creation.<ref name=Ridley>Mark Ridley, ''Who doubts evolution?'', ''New Scientist'', vol. 90, 25 June 1981, p. 831</ref>}}

AlsoEine Kritik an diesem Beispiel biblischen Vorwissens ist, the field of [[genetics]] shows that the various kinds of animals are fixeddass einige (englische) Übersetzungen diesen Vers als "Wurzel/Ursprung" der Berge übersetzen. Fruit flies have remained fruit flies Wurzeln breiten sich oft weit vom eigentlichen Baum aus, obwohl in the approximately 100 years of experimentation on them. Certain bacteria such as pseudomonas and flavobacterium, even with acquired mutationsdiesem Beispiel gesagt werden könnte, are still identifiable by the same characteristics as when they were first discovered a hundred years priordass die "Wurzeln" der Ozeangebirge nahe an ihrer "Quelle" waren.

==DinosaursDas Universum hat einen Anfang==The [[book of JobAristoteles]] is considered to be one of the oldest books of the [[Bible]] by many scholars(ca. Job describes two large creatures called [[behemoth]] and [[leviathan]]384 v. Behemoth was obviously as big as a dinosaur as it is described as having a tail like a [[cedar]]Chr. – 322 v.Chr.) hielt das Universum für ewig. Im 20. Leviathan is an equally massive creature of the seaJahrhundert hatte Fred Hoyle ein Model eines ewigen Universums.

There are sound reasons to identify behemoth with a [[Sauropod]] dinosaur and leviathan with the [[Kronosaurus]]Heutzutage gibt es jedoch mehrere Hinweise darauf, dass das Universum einen Anfang hatte und dass das Alter des Universums jung ist.<ref name=WalkerHergenrather>WalkerHergenrather, TasJohn and Andy, eds. "[http://wwwgodevidences.answersingenesis.org/creationnet/v26space/i3/plesiosaurlawsofscience.asp Deluge disaster: Amazing Australian plesiosaur preservationphp Can Laws of Science Explain the Origin of the Universe].?" ''Creation'' 26(3):28-31Evidences for God from Space, June 2004n.d. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref><ref><http://www.apologeticspress.org/articles/2329></ref><ref name== Homosexuality ==Given the young>Staff. "[http://www.conservapediaanswersingenesis.comorg/Homosexuality_and_Health many diseases associated with homosexualityhome/area/faq/young.asp Get answers: 'Young' age of the universe]." Answers in Genesis, the Bible prohibition against n.d. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> (Siehe auch: [[homosexualityKosmische Chronologie]] is arguably one of the many examples where scientific foreknowledge in the Bible was exhibited.) Eine der Hauptargumentationslinien folgt aus einer Herleitung des zweiten Gesetztes der Thermodynamik. Basierend auf diesem Gesetz muss das Universum relativ jung sein. Hätte es schon immer existiert, wäre es den Implikationen dieses Gesetzes zufolge inzwischen tot und kalt.

==The Throats of WhalesUrsprung des Lebens=={{Bible ref|book=Jonah|chap=1|verses=17}} states that Jonah was swallowed by a "great fish".<ref name=Miller>MillerIn einem modernen Kontext zeigt die Bibel wissenschaftliches Vorwissen in Bezug auf den Ursprung des Lebens, Davevon welchem es sagt, PhDdass es ein Wunder war. "[http://www.apologeticspress.org/articles/45 Miller, Dave Ph.D. Jonah and the 'Whale'[Abiogenesis]]?" Apologetics Press. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref><ref name=Vestrup>Vestrupdie Hypothese, Eric. "[http://www.tektonics.org/gk/jonfish.html Jonah vs. Matthew on What was Eating Jonah]." Tektonicsdass Leben natürlich entstand, nist komplett zerschlagen.d. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> A [[sperm whale]] is a possible identification for the "great fish" that swallowed Jonah; sperm whales are still spotted Lee Strobel zitiert in the Mediterranean sea.<ref name=Williamson>Williamson, Michael. "[httpseinem Buch ''Glaube im Kreuzverhör'' William Bradley://whale{{cquote|Der Optimismus der fünfziger Jahre ist verschwunden.wheelock.edu/archives/whalenet96/0156.html Info: Sperm Whale Sighting Die Stimmung in Eastern Mediterranean]." Message sent April 23der Internationalen Konferenz zum Ursprung des Lebens 1999 wurde als grimmig&mdash; voller Frustration, 1996Pessimismus und Verzweiflung beschrieben. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref>}}

Nineteenth century critics often argued that whales have too small a gullet to admit a human and people continue to say it todayDer Nobelpreisträger Francis Crick (Mitentdecker der DNA) besteht in seinem 1981 erschienenen Buch ''Life Itself'' darauf, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit das Leben aus Zufall entstand, den Kalkulationen widerspricht. In additionCrick, apparently even a popular version of the Bible stated this!ein Atheist, schreibt:{{cquote|Was für unser derzeitiges Ziel so frustrierend ist, ist dass es fast unmöglich scheint, die Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine Reihe von unwahrscheinlichen Ereignissen zu finden...Ein ehrlicher Mensch, der mit allem Wissen das uns derzeit zur Verfügung steht ausgerüstet ist, könnte nur behaupten, dass in gewissen Sinne, der Ursprung des Lebens einem Wunder gleichkommt."}}

FStephen B.T. Bullen wroteMeyer zeigt in seinem Aufsatz, ''DNA BY Design: {{cquote|IndeedAn Inference To the Best Explanation for the Origin of Biological Information'', not many years ago a popular M.Pwarum die naturalistischen Erklärungen für die Entstehung des Lebens völlig fehlschlagen.<ref name=Meyer>Meyer, writing to one of the religious papers, allowed himself to say that Stephen C. "science will not hear of a whale with a gullet capable [http://www.macrodevelopment.org/library/meyer.html DNA BY Design: An Inference To the Best Explanation for the Origin of admitting anything larger than a man’s fistBiological Information]."— a piece The Theory of crass ignoranceMacrodevelopment, which is also perpetrated in the appendix to a very widely-distributed edition of the Authorized Version of the Biblen. This opiniond. Accessed September 13, strangely enough2008.</ref> Es gibt einfach zu viele Hindernisse, die die abiogenetische Hypothese überwinden müsste, und die Informationen, die in biologischen Organismen enthalten sind, is almost universally heldsprechen für einen intelligenten Designer.<ref name=origin>"[http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/faq/origin.asp Get Answers: Origin of Life]." Answers in Genesis, n.d. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref><ref name=BullenBergman>Bullen FT 1923Ashton, John F. "[http:/1944 ''The Cruise of the Cachalot''/www.answersingenesis.org/home/Area/isd/bergman.asp Jerry R. Bergman, J Murraybiology]." Science and origins testimony, London (''Cachalot'' is French for ''sperm whaleAnswers in Genesis, n.d. Accessed September 13, 2008.'')</ref>}}

Pinney (1964) quoted the Director of a museum of natural history==Junge-Erde-Kreationismus==In der aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Szene, die der evolutionistischen Position folgt, könnte [[Junge-Erde-Kreationismus]] als biblisches Vorwissen betrachtet werden. Kreationisten haben eine große Anzahl überzeugender Hinweise für eine junge Erde,<ref name=qa>"[http:{{cquote|Many people asked me if the Bible story of Jonah is true//www. Could a man be swallowed by a whale? So I pushed my body partly down the throat of a dead sixty foot sperm whaleanswersingenesis. I could just squeeze throughorg/home/area/qa. A fat man couldn’t have made itasp Get Answers]." Answers in Genesis, n.d. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref><ref name=Pinneytrueorigin>Pinney R 1964 [http://www.trueorigin.org/ The Animals in True.Origin Archive]." Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref><ref name=Brown>Brown, Walt. ''[http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/ In the Bible Chilton Books USA ppBeginning: Compelling Evidence for the Creation and the Flood].128'' Center for Scientific Creation, 1532008. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref>}} sowie viele Argumente gegen die evolutionistische Sichtweise. Mehr als 600 Ph.D Wissenschaftler äußerten ihre Skeptik ([http://www.dissentfromdarwin.org/ ''Dissent From Darwin'']) darüber, dass "zufällige Mutationen und natürliche Selektion" ausreichen, um die notwendigen biologischen Veränderungen für [[Evolution]] herbeizuführen.

Keith RobinsonIn der [[Astronomie]] können viele Beispiele in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur gefunden werden, a senior marine science instructor at Seaworlddie darauf hindeuten, has stated that large sperm whales have esophaguses that measure as much as a foot and a half wide. Many men often measure more than a foot and a half across their shouldersdass aktuelle naturalistische Erklärungen für Planeten, so if the great fish was a sperm whaleSonnensysteme, Jonah would have to have been of fairly slight build.<ref name=Harrison>HarrisonSterne, Donald Hund das Universum fehlschlagen. "(Vergleiche: [[Astronomie Zitate]]). Die [[Big Bang Theorie]] beinhaltet mehrere massive Fehler. Einer davon betrifft Antimaterie und die Notwendigkeit für mehr davon in unserem Universum. Verteidiger des Urknalls geben darauf keine Antwort oder bringen nur weitere Spekulation hervor. Der ausgezeichnete Artikel [http://www.jewishsightseeinganswersingenesis.comorg/usadocs2006/california/san_diego/general_stories/sd9contest-13-02jonahwinner/lamicela.html What swallowed Jonah? Sea World educators identify pdf ''Antimatter and the prime suspectsBig Bang'']von Antworten in Genesis diskutiert dies im Detail." San Diego Jewish Press-Heritage, Sept. 13, 2002. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref>

LastlyAuf dem Gebiet der [[Geologie]], ist [[Katstrophismus]], den Junge-Erde-Kreationisten immer befürwortet haben, mittlerweile als normaler Teil der Erdgeschichte anerkannt und wird von führenden Wissenschaftlern dieses Gebietes, wie [http://www.globalflood.org/ Dr. John Baumgardner] unterstützt.<ref name=RothA>Roth, Ariel A. "[http://www.grisda.org/georpts/gr11.htm Catastrophism: Is It Scientific]?" ''Geoscience Reports'' Spring 1990 No. 11. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> In der [[Anthropologie]] bietet die evolutionistische Position eine geringe Qualität an Beweisen; rationale Wissenschaft misst das Alter der Menschheit an einer jungen Erdzeitskala.<ref name=anthro>"[http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/faq/Anthropology.asp Get Answers: Anthropology]." Answers in Genesis, n.d. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref><ref name=Bass2>Bass, Alden. "[http://www.apologeticspress.com/articles/2313 'Reasonable Science' and the miraculous is mentioned throughout the book Antiquity of JonahMan]. The survival of Jonah in a "great fishApologetics Press. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> Zudem spricht der Fossilienbestand deutlich für Kreationismus, mit einem plötzlichen Auftauchen und Verschwinden von Organismen. Tatsächlich waren einige wirbellose Tiere überaus komplex, und wenn überhaupt, dann zeigen sie, dass sie sich gegenüber älteren Formen des Organismus zurückentwickelten.<ref name=fossils>" is itself a miracle[http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/faq/fossils.asp Get Answers: Fossils]." Answers in Genesis, so perhaps Jonah being swallowed also isn.d. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> Sogar der Evolutionist Mark Ridley schrieb im Wissenschaftsmagazin ''New Scientist'':{{cquote|In jedem Fall nutzt kein wahrer Evolutionist, egal ob Gradualist oder Punktualist, den Fossilbestand als Beweis für Evolution im Gegensatz zu besonderer Schöpfung.<ref name=MillerRidley>Mark Ridley, ''Who doubts evolution?'', ''New Scientist'', vol. 90, 25 June 1981, p. 831</ref>}}

==Common Knowledge Argument is Contra-evidence and Implausible==Both believers and skeptics believed that ancient cultures had accumulated a significant body of medical practices based on oral traditions and written manuscripts. The same could be said of other areas in regards to the natural world. Skeptics argue that the Es gibt vernünftige Gründe, Behemoth als einen [[PentateuchSauropod]] is a result of such processes and that Bible scientific foreknowledge is not the result of supernatural inspiration. In addition, some critics of Dinosaurier zu identifizieren und Leviathan als einen [[BibleKronosaurus]] scientific foreknowledge attempt to show that the Pentateuch is a late-written book. They also argue for the earliest possible date for various Egyptian medical documents and claim that the Hebrew medicine is merely a refinement of Egyptian medicine. Critics of Bible scientific foreknowledge point to the Edwin Smith papyrus and the Ebers papyrus, which contain a certain degree of accurate medical knowledge. For example, the Ebers Papyrus gives a surprisingly accurate description of the circulatory system and refers to such things as diabetes mellitus.<ref name=EbersWalker>Author unknownWalker, Tas. "[http://www.aldokkananswersingenesis.comorg/sciencecreation/ebersv26/i3/plesiosaur.htm Ebers' papyrusasp Deluge disaster: Amazing Australian plesiosaur preservation]." Aldokkan''Creation'' 26(3):28-31, n.dJune 2004. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref>

Setting aside the issue of document dating for now, supporters of ==Der Rachen von Walen=={{Bible scientific foreknowledge believe that in order to evaluate ref|book=Jona|chap=1|verses=17}} beschreibt, dass Jona von einen "großen Fisch" verschlungen wurde, möglicherweise einem [[Pottwal]].<ref name=Miller>Miller, Dave, PhD. "[http://www.apologeticspress.org/articles/45 Miller, Dave Ph.D. Jonah and the issue of Bible scientific foreknowledge one must examine 'Whale''all''' the evidence and not exclude any evidence]?" Apologetics Press. For exampleAccessed September 13, when considering the Edwin Smith Papyrus2008.</ref><ref name=Vestrup>Vestrup, Ebers Papyrus and Hearst PapyrusEric. "[http://www.tektonics.org/gk/jonfish.html Jonah vs. Matthew on What was Eating Jonah]." Tektonics, the aforementioned medical errors must be included as well as the more positive aspectsn.d. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> Pottwale werden heute noch im Mittelmeer beobachtet.<ref name=Williamson>Williamson, Michael. "[http://whale.wheelock.edu/archives/whalenet96/0156.html Info: Sperm Whale Sighting in Eastern Mediterranean]." Message sent April 23, 1996. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref>

Homer's Odyssey states, as was noted above that,{{cquote|[T]he Egyptians were skilled in medicine more than any other artKritiker des 19.<ref name=Allen/>}}Also added, was that the Egyptians used sewer pharmacology and other practices which the previously mentioned medical experts said could be harmful or were ineffective. As Bruce Allen wrote in his essay, ''4 Reasons Why You Should Read the Bible,'' {{cquote|Pretty disgusting stuff today, yet you would think that if these culture's medical practices were so respected by the rest of the world, the Bible would just mimic what they taught. But it doesn't! Of all the sacred writings of every major religion in the world, only the Bible sidesteps the errors that pervaded the medical sciences of its time. In fact, scholars are nearly unanimous in attributing the world's first system of sanitary laws to the precepts laid down in the first five books of the Bible.<ref name=Allen/>}}Ancient medicine is not alone in having errant practices. For example, in 17th and 18th century medicine the practice of bleeding patients was still used.<ref name=cent1718>Author unknown. "[http://library.thinkquest.org/15569/hist-8.html 17th and 18th Century Medicine]." ''A Short History of Medical Careers'', ThinkQuest.com, n.d. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> Also, according to the British Medical Journal, only 15% of medical procedures have been reported to be supported by any documentation.<ref name=SmithR>Smith R. ''Where is the wisdom: The poverty of medical evidence.'' British Medical Journal 1991; 303: 798-799</ref><ref name=rosner>Rosner, Anthony L. "[http://www.fcer.org/html/News/whccamp.htm White House Commission On Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy: Testimony for Meeting on Obstacles and Barriers to CAM Research]." Foundation for Chiropractic Education and Research, 2008. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> Given the existence of errant medicine throughout history up to the present day (medicine recalls, lack of documentation, etc.) and the apparent absence of errant medicine from the [[Pentateuch]] and an abundance of excellent, very advanced health and sanitation practicesJahrhunderts argumentierten oft, the argument that the Bible contains common knowledge is implausibledass Wale eine zu schmale Speiseröhre haben, even if one grants late dates for the Pentateuch and early dates for the Egyptiansum einen Menschen zu verschlucken und tun dies auch heute noch.

The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyus is thought by most scholars to date from 1600 BCF. These scholars also believe that this ancient medical treatise is a copy of a work dating from cT. 3000 BC.<ref name=SmithPapyrus>Bullen schrieb: {{cquote|Vor nicht vielen Jahren schrieb ein bekannter Mediziner an ein religiöses Journal, und genehmigte sich selbst die Aussage: "[www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/179901/Edwin-Smith-papyrus Edwin Smith papyrus]Wissenschaft wird keinen Wal finden, der in der Lage ist, etwas zu verschlucken was größer als die Faust eines Mannes ist." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Accessed September 13— ein krasser Fall von Unwissen, 2008der auch im Anhang einer sehr weitverbreiteten authorisierten Version der Bibel zu finden ist.</ref> DrDiese Meinung wird seltsamerweise fast universal geteilt. Carol Reeves argued that archaic words in the Edwin Smith Papyrus point to its being copied from an earlier text around 2,500 B.C.<ref name=ReevesBullen>Carol Reeves, Bullen FT 1923/1944 ''Egyptian MedicineThe Cruise of the Cachalot'', Buckinghamshire: Shire Publications, 1992, page 51.</ref> The argument from word usage to date a text has failed before according to linguist and Bible scholar Robert Dick Wilson, a scholar who learned 45 ancient languages. In his essayJ Murray, London (''What is an expert?Cachalot'', Dr. Wilson states that the attempts to date the Old Testament late via alleged anachronisms failed. Of course, word usage may be helpful but one must exercise due diligence and scholarly caution. With that in mind, if late dates is French for the Ebers Papyrus and Hearst Papyrus were granted, the Ebers Papyrus is commonly dated to about 1550 BC. and the Hearst Papyrus is to 1450 B.C.<ref name=EbersBrit>"[www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/177583/Ebers-papyrus Ebers papyrus]." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref><ref name=forsyth>Forsyth, Phyllis Young. "[http://www.arts.mun.ca/mouseion/2000/forsyth/index.html The Medicinal Use of Saffron in the Aegean Bronze Age]." ''Classical Viewssperm whale.'' 44:19, 200. Accessed September 13, 2008.)</ref>}}

There are various issues and disagreements between scholars over Egyptian chronology and its reliability, as was mentioned above. The prominent 20th century Egyptologist Gardiner, noting the paucity of historical inscriptions and his apparent belief that Egyptologists have had a tendency to overstate their case, wrote,{{What is proudly advertised as Egyptian history is merely a collection of rags and tatters.<ref name=GardinerA>Gardiner, A. ''Egypt of the Pharaohs. Pinney (Oxford 19611964), page 46</ref>}}Other Egyptologists too have expressed reservations about Egyptian chronology. This may have repurcussions elsewhere, since many ancient chronologies are based on the chronolgy of Egypt.<ref name=Mackay>Mackey, Damien F. (MA. B PHIL.) "[httpzitierte den Direktor eines Naturkundemuseums://www.specialtyinterests.net/sothic_star.html Sothic Dating Examined{{cquote|Viele Leute fragten mich, The Sothic Star Theory of the Egyptian Calendar (A Critical Evaluation)]ob die Bibelgeschichte von Jona wahr ist." SpecialtyInterests, October 1995. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> With that in mind, some scholars attempt to date the Pentateuch late and deny Mosaic authorship. They argue that the documentary hypothesis is correct. On the other hand conservative scholars believe it lacks external evidence and has unsound foundations.<ref name=Closson>Closson, Don. "[http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/probe/docs/moses.html Did Moses Write the Pentateuch]Könnte ein Mann von einem Wal verschluckt werden?" Leadership University, July 14Also habe ich meinen Körper teilweise durch die Kehle eines toten, 200260 Fuß großen Pottwales gedrückt. Accessed September 13, 2008Ich bin gerade so durchgekommen.</ref><ref name=Mitchell>Mitchell, Nigel B. "[http://jmm.aaa.net.au/articles/9092.htm Documentary Hypothesis: Fallacies Vitiating the Methods of Modern Criticism]." John Mark Ministries, June 1, 1999. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref>Biblical scholars Kenneth Kitchen (a notable Egyptologist and Bible scholar) and Gleason Archer have sharply criticized and rejected the documentary hypothesis using various lines of argumentEin dicker Mensch hätte es nicht geschafft.<ref name=ArcherPinney>Archer, Gleason L., and Friedman, Richard E. "[http://www.equip.org/atf/cf/%7B9C4EE03A-F988-4091-84BD-F8E70A3B0215%7D/DW035.pdf A Summary Critique: Who Wrote the Bible]?" Christian Research Institute, 1987. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref name=Miller2>Miller, Glenn. "[http://www.christian-thinktank.com/aec2.html Pinney R 1964 The Making of Animals in the OT: Before Moses]." Christian Think Tank, n.d. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref><ref name=studyman>Author unknown. "[http://www.biblestudymanuals.net/moses.htm Moses: Is He the Author of the Pentateuch]?" Bible Study Manuals, n.d. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref><ref name=Ankerberg>Ankerberg, John, and Weldon, John. "[http://www.ankerberg.com/Articles/apologetics/AP0404W3.htm Biblical Archaeology - Silencing the Critics - Part 2]." Ankerberg Theological Research Institute, n.d. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref><ref name=islam>"[http://answering-islam.org.uk/Campbell/s3c1.html The Bible and the Qur'an, Two Chilton Books with Many Similarities in their collection Chapter I The Documentary Hypothesis --- Its Effect on the Torah and the Qur'an]USA pp." Answering Islam128, n.d. Accessed September 13, 2008.153</ref> Dr. Yohanan Aharoni, in his work ''Canaanite Israel during the Period of Israeli Occupation'' states that archaeological discoveries show that later authors or editors could not have put together or invented these stories hundreds of years after they happened.<ref name=Kaufman>Kaufman, Yechezkel. [http://www.simpletoremember.com/vitals/Biblical_Criticism.htm Biblical Criticism]. (Excerpt from One People, Two Worlds, - pg. 183)</ref> Also, Roger N. Whybray, George W. Coats, and Claus Westermann contend that the Joseph story in Genesis 37-50 was a unity.<ref name=Wong>Wong, Fook Kong. "[http://www.hkbts.edu.hk/Common/Reader/News/ShowNews.jsp?Nid=193&Pid=16&Version=0&Cid=43&Charset=iso-8859-1&p=1 History of Pentateuchal Research]." Hong Kong Baptist School Seminary, April 3, 2008. Accessed September 13, 2008.</ref> In 1999, Josh McDowell wrote a work entitled ''New Evidence that Demands a Verdict'' in which he reviews the arguments of scholars who believe the Documentary hypothesis is invalid. McDowell cites the objections of early scholars such as Umberto Cassuto and cites newer scholars such as Kenneth Kitchen as well.<ref name=McDowell>McDowell, Josh. ''New Evidence that Demands a Verdict'' Thomas Nelson, Inc, Publishers, 1999.</ref> In addition, a team of Israeli and German Bible critics (reported in the ''Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentaliche Wissenschaft'') conducted a computer analysis of the style and language of the Bible. According to the computer analysis there appears to be no question that the Pentateuch is the product of a single author.<ref name=Kaufman/>}}

FinallyKeith Robinson, Professor Yechezkel Kaufmanein marine Wissenschaftler in Seaworld, a secular Bible criticberichtet dass große Pottwale Speiseröhren haben, sums it up very well in ''A History of the Jewish Faith'' (Hebrew): {{cquote|Biblical criticism finds itself today in a unique situationdie bis zu 1,5 Fuß breit sind. There is a dominant theoryViele Männer messen oft mehr als 1, yet no one knows why it dominates5 Fuß Schulterbreite. In the history of ideasWenn der große Fisch also ein Pottwal war, theories or concepts based on certain accepted principles often enjoy a disembodied existence long after those principles have been discreditedmüsste Jona relativ klein gebaut gewesen sein. This is exactly what happened to the scientific study of the Bible in our times <ref name=Harrison>Harrison, Donald H."[http://www.jewishsightseeing. [In com/usa/california/san_diego/general_stories/sd9-13-02jonah.html What swallowed Jonah? Sea World educators identify the nineteenth century,prime suspects] Wellhausen ... based his theories on an interlocking system of proofs that seemed to complement each other" San Diego Jewish Press-Heritage, forming layers of solid intellectual foundations upon which he erected the definitive edifice of his ideasSept. In the meantime, however13, these foundations disintegrated one by one2002. These proofs were refuted outright or at least seriously questioned. The scholars of the Wellhausen school were forced to admit that most of the proofs do not hold up under scrutiny. NonethelessAccessed September 13, they did not abandon the conclusions2008.</ref name=Kaufman/>}}

==Mary Douglas and Other Views==Mary Douglas argued the Mosaic dietary laws and ceremonial laws were designed as purity laws.<ref name=Hutt>Hutt, P. BSchlussendlich ist das Wunder im ganzen Buch Jona erwähnt. Das Überleben Jonas in einem "[http://leda.law.harvard.edu/leda/data/52/dsilber.pdf Jewish Dietary Laws and Their Foundation].großen Fisch" Harvard University School of Lawist an sich ein Wunder, 1994. Accessed September 13und so ist es vielleicht auch damit, 2008dass Jona verschluckt wurde.<ref name=Miller/ref> Also, there are those who argue that some of the Mosaic laws such as the dietary laws were meant to set apart the Jewish people. The approaches are not mutually exclusive of Bible scientific foreknowledge as purity laws and laws to create separateness can have other reasons behind them such as sanitary and preventative health benefits.

==Scholarly Caution and Sources Affirming and Denying Bible Scientific ForeknowledgeBehutsamkeit in der Herangehensweise und Quellen, die biblisches Vorwissen bestätigen und leugnen==The examination of sources regarding the affirming and denying of Bible scientific foreknowledge requires scholarly caution and due dilgenceDie Untersuchung von Quellen in Bezug auf biblisches Vorwissen verlangt Vorsicht und Sorgfältigkeit seitens der Gelehrten. The investigation of Bible scientific foreknowledge is very much a multidisciplinary endeavor involving both science and Die Untersuchung von biblischem Vorwissen ist ein multidisziplinares Unterfangen, welches sowohl Wissenschaftskenntnisse und biblische [[Biblical exegesisExegese]] (which involves knowledge of the Biblical languageswelche Wissen über biblische Sprachen, ancient near eastern culturedie frühe nahöstliche Kultur, etc.)benötigt. Because some sources fail to do their due diligence or fail to reveal all the relevant information a buyer beware attitude is warranted regarding individual sourcesDementsprechend ist bei der Sichtung der Quellen Vorsicht geboten. As Solomon stated,Wie Salomo schreibt:{{Bible quote|The first to plead his case seems rightIm Recht scheint, until another comes and examines himwer in seiner Streitsache als Erster auftritt, bis sein Nächster kommt und ihn ausforscht.|book=ProverbsSprüche|chap=18|verses=17|version=NASB}}

Analyzing the common misunderstanding about the exact nature of science and an Eine exakte Analyse häufiger Missverständnisse über die exakte Natur der Wissenschaft und eine [[analysis of scientific truthAnalyse wissenschaftlicher Wahrheit]] would benefit all apologistswürde allen Apologeten nützen.

==ReferencesReferenzen==

{{feature article}}== External links Externe Links (Englisch) ==

== See Also Siehe auch ==* [[ApologeticsApologetik]]* [[Biblical apologistsBiblische Apologetisten]]* [[Analysis of scientific truthAnalyse wissenschaftlicher Wahrheit]]* [[Cosmic chronologyKosmische Chronologie]]* [[GeochronologyGeochronologie]]

[[Category:BibleBibel]][[Category:CreationismKreationismus]][[en:Bible scientific foreknowledge]]